IMAGE RECEPTION OF THE TURKS AND CRIMEAN TATARS IN THE M. DRAGHOMANOV’S INTELLECTUAL HISTORY: THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE AS «RUSSIAN TURKEY»
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26661/Keywords:
political discourse, historical discourse,, democratic freedoms,, intellectual history,, Muslim world,, Russian Empire,, image of the Ottoman Empire,, Crimean Tatars,, Turks,, M. Drahomanov,Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the principles of formation of images of Turks and Crimean Tatars in the intellectual heritage of Mykhailo Drahomanov (1841–1895). Attention is drawn to the fact that the Drahomanov’s reception of the Turkish world took place in the field of two interrelated discourses – current political and retrospective historical. It was through the prism of relations with the Muslim world in general and the Ottoman Empire in particular that M. Drahomanov formed a historiographical image of the Russian Empire, which, from such perspectives, arose historically connected with the «Turkish project». For the Ukrainian politician, the Ottoman Empire, both in the past and in the present, played the role of the «ideal type» and universal «political metaphor» that determined the place of the Russian Empire on the mental political map of the world. On this M. Drahomanov’s map, where the contours of historical Europe were outlined by the level of «democratic freedoms» available in one or another country, the Ottoman and Russian empires were outside the borders of the European continent. The M. Drahomanov’s mirror binary principle of formation of the image of the Turks allowed us to perceive these two imperial state structures as two sides of the same coin – as two Turkeys. In the historical and political discourse of the Ukrainian intellectual, the image of the Ottoman Empire («external Turks») was painlessly transformed into the image of «internal Turks», or, according to M. Drahomanov himself, into «Russian Turkey» – a degraded copy of the Ottoman Empire of the 2-nd half of the XIX-th century. As a result of such position of the Ukrainian intellectual, the issue of liberating the Slavs from Turkish oppression had to be transformed for the Russian Empire from a foreign policy issue into the domestic policy plot. The Slavs of Russian Empire – Poles, Ukrainians and Russians – should first free themselves from the «internal Turks» – from the undemocratic «Turkish» orders of the Russian Empire itself, in order to have the right to the just liberation of the Slavic population from the «external Turks».
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