MAZEPENTSI VS MOSCOW IN D. KRMAN’S «TRAVEL DIARY»

Abstract

The confrontation between Ukrainians and Muscovites has a century-old history and in recent years has turned into a bloody struggle for Ukraine’s own future. One of the vivid episodes of this struggle were the events of the beginning of the 18th century, namely the transition of Hetman Ivan Mazepa to the side of Charles XII. The following terms were used in the conducted research: «Mazepenians» – part of the Ukrainian and Zaporizhzhya Cossacks who, led by Hetman Ivan Mazepa, went over to the side of Charles XII; «Mos- cow» is not only the Muscovite state as such, but also the Ukrainian Cossacks who fought on the side of the Moscow tsar.

The confrontation between Ukrainians and Muscovites has a century-old history and in recent years has turned into a bloody struggle for Ukraine’s own future. One of the vivid episodes of this struggle were the events of the beginning of the 18th century, namely the transition of Hetman Ivan Mazepa to the side of Charles XII. The following terms were used in the conducted research: «Mazepenians» – part of the Ukrainian and Zaporizhzhya Cossacks who, led by Hetman Ivan Mazepa, went over to the side of Charles XII; «Mos- cow» is not only the Muscovite state as such, but also the Ukrainian Cossacks who fought on the side of the Moscow tsar.

Foreigners’ messages are an important historical source and will help to more fully understand the determinants of events, to more fully reconstruct events, which is why our research updated the informational possibilities of Daniel Krman’s testimony about the struggle between Mazepents and Muscovites. The purpose of the research is to reproduce the confrontation between Mus- covy and part of the Ukrainian Cossacks led by Ivan Mazepa based on the information possibilities of Daniel Krman’s «Travel Diary».

Achieving the set goal is provided by solving the following research tasks: – to identify the reasons for the transition of the Cossacks to the side of Charles XII; – determine the course of the confrontation.

The object of the study was the Ukrainian translation of the text «Travel Diary» by Daniel Krman.

To achieve the goal, both historical research methods were used: histori- cal-comparative, chronological, and special source methods: critical, heuristic, method of source analysis.

It has been established that the information left by Daniel Krman contains important information about the course of the confrontation between the Mazepenians and the Muscovites, the Battle of Poltava and subsequent events are described in great detail, namely, the transition of the Mazepenian-Swedish troops to the territory of the Ottoman Empire. Unfortunately, the reasons for the transition of Hetman Ivan Mazepa to the side of Charles XII are mentioned in passing and very briefly. The characteristic features of the information possibilities of Daniel Krman’s testimony are: – relatively small volume; – frag- mentation; – description of external attributes of processes and facts without understanding their essence; – subjectivity, which in general is inherent to ego sources, which is «Travel Diary».

Testimonies of foreigners about the events of the confrontation between Mazepets and Muscovites are important sources for expanding ideas and repro- ducing the events of the Ukrainian-Russian confrontation. However, it should be noted that the use of only the specified type of sources does not allow to reproduce a complete picture. Therefore, it is advisable to use other types of sources: written, pictorial, material, oral. Only the comparison and mutual complementation of all types and types of sources will make it possible to fully study and reproduce the history of the Ukrainian-Russian confrontation.