CHANGE OF THE ATTITUDE OF THE BALKAN COUNTRIES TOWARD UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FULL-SCALE INVASION OF THE RUSSIA (2022–2024)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26661/Keywords:
Ukraine, Balkans, cooperation, Russian full-scale invasion, military and technical aid, EUAbstract
The Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine was changing the positions of the Bal- kan states towards Ukraine and cooperation with it. Before the 24th of February 2022, Balkan states had different positions–clear and strong support of Ukraine (Kosovo and North Macedonia), neutrality or a position of distance (Albania, Bul- garia, Greece, Romania, Montenegro, Serbia), or silence (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia). Croatia has a separate position. Her president, Zoran Milanovic, didn’t support Ukraine, but the head of government, Andrey Plenkovic, did.
A full-scale invasion against Ukraine changed the situation in the Balkans. All countries stated the support of territory and sovereignty of Ukraine, joined the EU sanction regime, closed flight zones for Russian flights, and banned Russian and pro-Russian media. Only Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina were continuing so-called neutrality.
Proactively, the Balkan countries began to send weapons and military and humanitarian aid to Ukraine. They also signed several documents for co- operation in demining, humanitarian demining, and military and technical cooperation, demonstrating their commitment to supporting Ukraine in its time of need.
Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina tried to build closer relationships with Ukraine because they understood the threats from Russia and Serbia.
These countries took advantage of the opportunity to start their Euro-Atlantic integration. Other Balkan states started closer regional cooperation in a few spheres – gas, military industry, and security. Ukraine joined some projects for regional cooperation in the Balkans. But this is the start of the changing positions of the Balkan states. Serbia is trying to sit on the two chairs and maintain a balance between Ukraine, the EU, and Russia. Bosnia and Herzegovina haven’t agreed on the Russian war against Ukraine. Republika Srpska (Bosnian Serbian entity in Bosnia and Herzegovina) continues to support the Russian Federation and firmly stays on the so-called neutrality. Another part of the BiH entity, the Muslim-Croat Federation, is ready to cooperate with Ukraine but cannot do so through Republika Srpska.
So, Ukraine and Balkan countries can have closer and more efficient cooper- ation but need the wish to do it and break ties with Russia. Now, countries demonstrate readiness to do everything that Brussels requires. Except, Serbia and Republika Srpska. Romania and Bulgaria really do more and develop different projects with Turkey and Ukraine.
Ukraine and the Balkan states must develop separate foreign strategies for mutual cooperation. Equally important is the need for the Balkan countries to forge strong ties with each other and recognize that a unified, common policy is the most effective barrier against Russian hybrid influence in the region.
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Siebold S., Sito-Sucic D. German troops back to Bosnia as fear of instability grows. Reuters (16 August 2022) URL: https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/german-troops-return-bosnia-fear-instability-due-ukraine-war- grows-2022-08-16/
Slovenija gladomor priznala za genocid, Zelenski se zahvaljuje poslancem (23.05.2023) URL: https://www.24ur. com/novice/tujina/dz-sprejel-deklaracijo-o-priznanju-gladomora-kot-genocida.html
The Romanian Parliament recognized the Holodomor as an act of genocide. Holodomor Museum (24 November 2022) URL: https://holodomormuseum.org.ua/en/news/the-romanian-parliament-recognized-the-holodomor- as-an-act-of-genocide/
Todorovi
S. Support for Ukraine, balancing, ignoring: How the Western Balkans is reacting to the crisis URL: https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2022/02/15/support-for-ukraine-balancing-ignoring-how-the-western- balkans-is-reacting-to-the-crisis/
Ukrayina ta Horvatiya pidpysaly mizhuryadovu ugodu pro spivrobitnystvo v sferi rozminuvannya. Uryadovyi portal (10 zhovtnya 2023) URL: https://www.kmu.gov.ua/news/ukraina-ta-khorvatiia-pidpysaly-mizhuriadovu-uhodu- pro-spivrobitnytstvo-v-sferi-rozminuvannia
Viys’kova dopomoga. Militarnyi URL: https://mil.in.ua/uk/tag/vijskova-dopomoga/
Vu ić kaže da e osuditi Rusiju kada Zelenski osudi NATO bombardovanje Srbije. Radio Slobodna Evropa (22.02.2022) URL: https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/srbija-predsednik-rusija-ukrajina/31716987.html
Vu i: Srbija nije potpisala nikakav sporazum s Ukrajinom za oru žje i streljivo. Index.hr (29 velja a 2024) URL: https://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/vucic-srbija-nije-potpisala-nikakav-sporazum-s-ukrajinom-za-oruzje-i- streljivo/2543123.aspx
Živanovi
M. Šta se zna i ne zna o izvozu srpskog oružja u Ukrajinu? Radio Slobodna Evropa (12 travnja 2023) URL: https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/srbija-izvoz-oruzje-ukrajina-istraga/32360717.html
Zoran Milanovich. Myrotvorets’ (25 sichnya 2022) URL: https://myrotvorets.center/criminal/milanovich-zoran/ Българският парламент обяви Гладомора в Украйна за геноцид. Зеленски благодари на София. Свободна Европа (1 февруари 2023) URL: https://www.svobodnaevropa.bg/a/32250421.html
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Published
2025-12-05
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Articles
How to Cite
CHANGE OF THE ATTITUDE OF THE BALKAN COUNTRIES TOWARD UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FULL-SCALE INVASION OF THE RUSSIA (2022–2024). (2025). Zaporizhzhia Historical Review, 8(60). https://doi.org/10.26661/
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