HEAVY INDUSTRY OF THE ZAPORIZHZHIA REGION DURING THE GERMAN-SOVIET WAR (1941–1942)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26661/zhv-2025-11-63-27Keywords:
German-Soviet war, plant, Dniproges, strategically important object, occupation, evacuation, heavy industryAbstract
In the article on the basis of the complex analysis of historiographical base and application of modern methodological bases, according to the set purpose, a condition of the heavy industry of the Zaporizhzhia area during the German-Soviet war of 1941–1942 is considered. Given that the city of Zaporizhzhia was under occupation by German troops for two years, the study highlights the main events that accompanied the capture and liberation of the Zaporizhzhia region. Given the strategic importance of the region, the peculiarities of evacuation of such heavy industry enterprises as «Zaporizhstal», «Dniprospetsstal», Dniprovsky Aluminum Plant (now Zaporizhzhia Aluminum Plant), Zaporizhzhia Engine Building Plant (currently «Motor Sich» Public Joint Stock Company), «Kommunar», etc.The leading directions of their work in remote territories are traced and the conditions for restoration of their functioning for the purpose of manufacturing of products for military needs are offered. The process of dismantling and further evacuation of the Dnieper hydroelectric power plant is described.
The reasons for the introduction of «scorched earth tactics» by the Soviet authorities and its devastating consequences for the region’s economy and the country as a whole are analyzed. The main directions of the «new order» established in the occupied territories by the German command were determined. An analysis of the working conditions of Zaporizhzhia specialists who remained to work in the partially restored by the Germans factory premises. At the same time, the directions of underground and subversive struggle of the population of Zaporizhzhia region, which formed voluntary guerrilla groups, were considered.
The economic losses and human losses inflicted by the aggressor on the Zaporizhzhia region and the occupied territory as a whole are highlighted. Ways to restore the pre-war level of Zaporizhzhia industry have been traced. The priorities of the state, which include the repair of Dniproges, have been identified, which has made it possible to establish electrification of the city.
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