JEWISH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE TERRITORY OF ZAPORIZHZHIA REGION (19th – Early 20th centuries)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26661/Keywords:
primary and secondary education, Cheder, Talmud-Torah, Melamed, Russification, assimilationAbstract
The article describes the state of primary and secondary education of the Jewish population in the Zaporizhzhia region in the 19th and early 20th cen- turies. The achievements of historiography in the study of this issue during the period of Ukraine’s state independence are noted. It is shown that Jew- ish communities, since their appearance on the territory of the region, have taken care of the education of children, using traditional national forms of education. They were represented by cheders and talmud-tores. The practice of teaching by folk teachers - melameds - was widely used. The time of founding of individual institutions of lower education in the cities of Berdiansk, Olek- sandrivsk, Melitopol, Orikhiv, and Velykyi Tokmak was specified. Statistical data on the number of educational institutions and the number of students in them are presented. The literacy level of the Jewish population of Oleksandrivskyi county at the beginning of the 20th century is analyzed in comparison with other ethno-confessional groups. It is stated that the state of education of the Jewish population of the Zaporizhzhia region did not differ significantly from the general picture of Jewish education in other provinces of Ukraine in the so-called “pale of settlement”. This state of affairs was determined by both the consistent adherence to national traditions and the economic weakness, even poverty, of the overwhelming majority of the Jewish popula- tion. Traditional economic activities – handicrafts, trade, as well as changes that indicated the involvement of Jews in the processes of forming market relations and the formation of a modern ethno-social structure of society (commercial and industrial bourgeoisie, participation in civil service) had a serious impact on the state of education. The attempts of the Russian state authorities to use the education system as a tool for the Russification of Jews and their assimilation in the imperial space are shown.
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Ihnatusha O., Atamaniuk R. Uchni z ievrejs’kykh rodyn v Oleksandrivs’kij mis’kij cholovichij himnazii (1909–1917 rr.) [Students from Jewish Families at the Oleksandrivsk Municipal Male Gymnasium (1909–1917)] Ivan Steshenko na tli epokhy: kinets’ XIX – pochatok XX st. : zbirnyk materialiv Vseukrains’koho kruhloho stolu (m. Poltava, 2 hrudnia 2024 roku). Poltava : PUET, 2025. S. 246–255.
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Mieshkov D. Zhyttievyj svit prychornomors’kykh nimtsiv (1781–1871) [The life world of the Black Sea Germans] / per. z nim. A. Kosara. Kyiv: TOV «Vydavnytstvo «Klio», 2017. 464 s.
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Narad’ko A. V. Blahodijna diial’nist’ ievrejs’koi spil’noty v Ukraini druhoi polovyni XIX stolittia [Charitable activities of the Jewish community in Ukraine in the second half of the 19th century]. Naukovi pratsi istorychnoho fakul’tetu Zaporiz’koho natsional’noho universytetu. 2012. Vyp. 32. S. 137–147.
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Puxa I. V. Evrejskie shkoly na Zaporozh’e [Jewish schools in the Zaporizhzhia region]. Yevrejs’ke naselennia pivdnia Ukrainy: istoriia ta suchasnist’: tezy do nauk. konf. 19–20 lystop. 1992 r. Zaporizhzhia: Komunar, 1992. S. 49–51.
Pukha I. V. Yevrejs’ki shkoly na Zaporizhzhi (seredyna XIX – pochatok XX st.) [Jewish schools in the Zaporizhzhia region (mid-19th – early 20th centuries)]. Yevrejs’ke naselennia Pivdnia Ukrainy: doslidzhennia i dokumenty. Vyp. 1. Zaporizhzhia, 1994. S. 13–17.
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Syrtsova O. M. Klasychna serednia osvita u Zaporizhzhi na rubezhi XIX–XX st. ta pochatku XXI st.: porivnial’nyj analiz [Classical secondary education in Zaporizhzhia at the turn of XIX–XX centuries and at the beginning of the 21st century: a comparative analysis]. Naukovi pratsi istorychnoho fakul’tetu Zaporiz’koho natsional’noho universytetu. 2019. Vyp. 52.
T. 2. S. 135–143.
Stojchev V. M. Domovye cerkvi g. Aleksandrovska nachala XX veka: k istorii vozniknoveniya (po materialam Gosudarstvennogo arxiva Zaporozhskoj oblasti) [House churches of the city of Oleksandrivsk at the beginning of the 20th century: on the history of their origin (based on materials from the State Archives of the Zaporizhzhia Region)]. Naukovi pratsi istorychnoho fakul’tetu Zaporiz’koho derzhavnoho universytetu. 2007. № 21. T. 1. S. 126–132.
Tkachenko V. H. Profesijna osvita v Oleksandrivs’komu poviti [Vocational education in Oleksandrivskyi county]. Pivdenna Ukraina XVIII–XIX stolittia. Zapysky naukovo-doslidnyts’koi laboratorii istorii Pivdennoi Ukrainy ZDU. Vyp. 1. Zaporizhzhia: RA «Tandem-U», 1996. S. 142–147.
Tkachenko V. G. Uchebnye zavedeniya Aleksandrovska v konce XIX – nachale XX veka [Educational institutions of Oleksandrivsk in the late 19th – early 20th centuries]. Kul’turolohichnyj visnyk. Naukovo-teoretychnyj schorichnyk Nyzhn’oi Naddniprianschyny. Vyp. 2. Zaporizhzhia, 1995. S. 16–20.
Tokalenko P. Antyievrejs’ka rosijs’ka kontrevoliutsijna polityka v roky Pershoi rosijs’koi revoliutsii na Pivdni Ukrainy [The russian anti-jewish counterrevolutionary policy in the years of the First russian revolution in the South of Ukraine]. Aktual’ni pytannia humanitarnykh nauk. 2019. Vyp. 25. S. 24–32.
Cheremisin O. V. Obraz ievreiv v mis’komu prostori Pivdnia Ukrainy u podorozhnikh putivnykakh mandrivnykiv kintsia XVIII – pershoi polovyny XIX st. [The image of urban jews of the South of Ukraine in the travel guide books of the travelers of the late 18th – 19th centuries]. Zaporizhzhia Historical Review. 2020. Vol. 3(55). S. 16–22.
Chyzhenok Yu. A. Z istorii zaselennia i osvoiennia zemel’ Oleksandrivs’koho povitu Katerynoslavs’koi hubernii (z druhoi polovyny XVIII st. do 1861 r.) [From the history of settlement and development of the lands of the Oleksandrivsky county of the Yekaterinoslav province (from the second half of the 18th century to 1861)]. Zaporizhzhia: LIPS, 2003. 176 s.
Shytiuk M. M., Schukin V. V. Yevrejs’ke naselennia Khersons’koi huernii v XIX – na pochatku XX stolit’ [The Jewish population of the Kherson province in the 19th and early 20th centuries]. Mykolaiv: Vyd-vo Iryny Hudym, 2008. 222 s. Yashyn V. O. Modernizatsiia tradytsijnoi ievrejs’koi osvity na Khersonschyni ta Katerynoslavschyni (druha polovyna XIX st.) [The modernization of the traditional jewish education in Kherson and Katerynoslav provinces (late nineteenth century)]. Hrani. 2014. № 4. S. 156–164.
Yashyn V. O. Rozvytok svits’koi osvity sered ievrejs’koho naselennia Khersonschyny ta Katerynoslavschyny u druhij polovyni XIX stolittia [Development of society education among jews in Kherson and Katerynoslav provinces (late nineteenth century)]. Hrani. 2014. № 5. S. 114–122.
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JEWISH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE TERRITORY OF ZAPORIZHZHIA REGION (19th – Early 20th centuries). (2025). Zaporizhzhia Historical Review, 8(60). https://doi.org/10.26661/
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