FAMINE OF 1932-1933 РР. IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: CONFLICT OF ORAL HISTORY, COMMEMORATIVE PRACTICES AND OFFICIAL POLITICS OF MEMORY?
Keywords:
commemorative practices, historical memory, oral history, Kuban, the Russian Federation, famine of 1932–1933Abstract
The article analyzes location of the 1932-1933 famine in contemporary Russia through the prism of oral history on the topic, commemoration practices and official politics of memory of the Russian Federation. The author has checked thesis of the main Russian historian on the famine V. Kondrashyn. He states that memory on the famine is alive in every Russian village that had suffered from starvation. At the same time, he mentions only one Russian village that has 2 memorial sites devoted the famine victims. Supplementing this poor representation of memory on the famine, the author has revealed relatively integral publication of oral history sources on the topic on Kuban only. Oral history related to other Russian regions is tied to V. Kondrashyn almost exclusively. But he used these sources in his monograph only, not publishing them as a separate aggregated source that would allow its usage by other researchers. Official politics of memory also demonstrates marginalization of 1932-1933 famine. The geopolitical interests of the state can explain this. This imply glorification of the soviet past; implementation of the myth about the “Great Victory” in the Second World War (“Great Patriotic War”); fear of comparison of the Soviet regime with the Nazis ones. That is why the only famine allowed to be visible for the Russian citizens is the famine in Leningrad during WWII. Diary of the girl T. Savicheva who died because of starvation is a famous symbol of the Soviet resistance to the Nazis. At the same time, a diary about starving stanytsia Umans’ka in the beginning of the 1930s by I. Polezhajev is known to a narrow circle of historians. Paradoxically, it is Kuban that demonstrates stronger striving to keep memory on the famine and raises this issue through the prism of commemorative practices and poor representation of the famine in both the Russian historiography on the famine and historical memory
References
Dmitriev S. (29.11.2013).Viktor Kondrashin: stydno, chto v Rossii net politiki po uvekovecheniju pamjati bezvinno pogibshih. Interv’ju russkoj redakcii RFI. https://www.rfi.fr/ru/ukraina/20131129-viktor-kondrashkin-stydno-chto-vrossii-net-politiki-po-uvekovecheniyu-pamyati-bezv (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
Dnevnik Ivana Lazarevicha Polezhaeva (30-e gody, stanica Umanskaja). (2002). Rodnaja Kuban’: lit.-ist. zhurnal / gl. red. V. I. Lihonosov i dr. Krasnodar. Vyp. 3. Pp. 51-60. http://history.org.ua/LiberUA/RodnKub3_2002/RodnKub3_2002.pdf. (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
Dokumenty i literatura. Otradnenskoe rajonnoe obshhestvo istorikov-arhivistov vo imja svjatogo prepodobnogo Nestora Letopisca. http://roia.otradnaya.com/documents.php. (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
Ershova Je. (2010). Vospitanie patriotizma – sostavljajushhaja kul’tury mezhnacional’nogo obshhenija. Patriotizm – sostavlIajushhaja gosudarstvennoj nacional’noj politiki Rossii: TeoriIa, praktika / kol. avt.; sost., avt. i ruk. avt. kol. N. F. Bugaj; Institut rossijskoj istorii RAN. Moskva : Golden-Bi. Pp. 228-245. [In Russian].
Federal’noe gosudarstvennoe biudzhetnoe uchrezhdenie nauki “Federal’nyj issledovatel’skij centr Juzhnyj nauchnyj centr Rossijskoj akademii nauk”: Laboratorija istorii i jetnografii. http://www.ssc-ras.ru/ru/resdep/unc/departments/laboratorija-istorii-i-ytnografii/. (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
Federal’noe gosudarstvennoe biudzhetnoe uchrezhdenie nauki “Federal’nyj issledovatel’skij centr Juzhnyj nauchnyj centr Rossijskoj akademii nauk”: Laboratorija kazachestva. http://www.ssc-ras.ru/ru/resdep/unc/departments/laboratorija-kazachestva/. (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
Golod na Kubani: 1932–1933 gg. Polevye materialy Kubanskoj fol’klorno-jetnograficheskoj jekspedicii Nauchnoissledovatel’skogo centra tradicionnoj kul’tury GNTU “Kubanskij kazachij hor”. (2009). Istoricheskaja pamjat’ naselenija Juga Rossii o golode 1932–1933 g. : materialy nauch.-prakt. konf. / pod red. N. I. Bondarja, O. V. Matveeva. Krasnodar : “Plehanovec. Pp. 336-442. [In Russian].
Golod na Kubani: 1932–1933 gg. Polevye materialy Kubanskoj fol’klorno-jetnograficheskoj jekspedicii Nauchnoissledovatel’skogo centra tradicionnoj kul’tury GNTU “Kubanskij kazachij hor”. (2009). Istoricheskaja pamjat’ naselenija
Juga Rossii o golode 1932–1933 g. : materialy nauch.-prakt. konf. / pod red. N. I. Bondarja, O. V. Matveeva. Krasnodar : Tipografija “Plehanovec”. Pp. 336-442. http://www.slavakubani.ru/content/detail.php?ID=2603&page=1 [s. 1-8].
(last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
Gosudarstvennyj memorial’nyj muzej oborony i blokady Leningrada. Wikipedia. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Государственный_мемориальный_музей_обороны_и_блокады_Ленинграда. (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
Hlynina T. (2010). Patriotizm kak sredstvo sohranenija i integracii jetnicheskih kul’tur v uslovijah sovremennogo rossijskogo obshhestva (na primere Severo-Kavkazkogo regiona) Patriotizm – sostavlIajushhaja gosudarstvennoj nacional’noj politiki Rossii: Teoriia, praktika / kol. avt.; sost., avt. i ruk. avt. kol. N. F. Bugaj; Institut rossijskoj istorii RAN. Moskva : Golden-Bi. Pp. 210-227. [In Russian].
Hudz V. (2019). Holodomor v Ukraini 1932-33 roky u naukovii literaturi Rosiiskoi Federatsii. Istoriohrafiia Holodomoru 1932-1933 rokiv v Ukraini : monohrafiia. Melitopol. Pp. 885-945. [In Ukrainian].
“K jubileiu stanicy Nadezhnoj Otradnenskogo rajona otremontirujut mestnyj park”. (30 sentiabria 2020 g.) Setevoe izdanie “Informacionnyj portal “Kuban’ 24””. https://kuban24.tv/item/k-yubileyu-stanitsy-nadezhnoj-otradnenskogorajona-otremontiruyut-mestnyj-park (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
Kasianov H. (2010). Danse macabre: holod 1932–1933 rokiv u politytsi, masovii svidomosti ta istoriohrafii (1980-ti – pochatok 2000-kh) / NAN Ukrainy. Inctytut istorii Ukrainy. K. : Nash chas. 271 p. [In Ukrainian].
Kasianov H. (2018). Past continuous: istorychna polityka 1980-kh ‒ 2000-kh. Ukraina ta susidy. K. : Laurus, AntroposLohos-Film. 420 p. [In Ukrainian].
Kasianov H. (2019). Rozryta mohyla: Holod 1932-1933 rokiv u politytsi, pamiati ta istorii (1980-ti ‒ 2000-ni). Kharkiv : Folio. 298 p. [In Ukrainian].
Kas’janov G.V., Miller A.I. (2011). Dialog 5. Golod 1932-1933 gg. Rossija-Ukraina. Kak pishetsia istorija. Dialogi – lekcii – stat’i. M. : RGGU. Pp. 252-274. [In Russian].
Kolodnikova L. Vospitanie patriotizma nachinaetsja s istorii. Patriotizm – sostavlIajushhaja gosudarstvennoj nacional’noj politiki Rossii: Teoriia, praktika / kol. avt.; sost., avt. i ruk. avt. kol. N. F. Bugaj; Institut rossijskoj istorii RAN. Moskva : Golden-Bi, 2010. Pp. 133-142. [In Russian].
Kondakova N. Patriotizm: soderzhanie i institucional’nye formy. Patriotizm – sostavlIajushhaja gosudarstvennoj nacional’noj politiki Rossii: Teoriia, praktika / kol. avt.; sost., avt. i ruk. avt. kol. N. F. Bugaj; Institut rossijskoj istorii RAN. Moskva : Golden-Bi, 2010. Pp. 115-132. [In Russian].
Kondrashin V. (2009). Golod 1932-1933 godov – obshhaja tragedija narodov SSSR. Izvestija Penzenskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. V.G. Belinskogo. Gumanitarye nauki. № 11(15). Pp. 117-120.
https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/golod-1932-1933-godov-obschaya-tragediya-narodov-sssr (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
Kondrashin V. (2008). Golod 1932–1933 godov: tragedija rossijskoj derevni. M : Rossijskaja politicheskaja jenciklopedija (ROSSPJeN); Fond Pervogo Prezidenta Rossii B. N. El’cina. 519 p. [In Russian].
Kondrashin V. (1991). Golod 1932-1933 godov v derevnjah Povolzh’ja. Skepsis: nauchno-prosvetitel’skij zhurnal.
Opublikovano v zhurnale Voprosy istorii. № 6. Pp. 176-181. https://scepsis.net/library/id_459.html. [In Russian].
Kondrashin V. (2008). Prilozhenie 1. Spisok svidetelej goloda 1932-1933 godov v Povolzh’e i na Juzhnom Urale, oproshennyh avtorom v hode sociologicheskogo obsledovanija povolzhskih i juzhnoural’s’kih dereven’. Golod 1932-1933 godov: tragedija rossijskoj derevni. Moskva. Pp. 488-506. [In Russian].
Kondrashin V. (2004). Tragedija 1932–1933 gg. v povolzhskoj derevne v pamiati narodnoj. Zapiski kraevedov. Sb. materialov. Penza : PGPUim. V.G. Belinskogo. Vyp. 2. Ch. 2. Pp. 83–100. [In Russian].
Kondrashin V. (4 aprelia 2008 g.). Vystuplenie na Mezhdunarodnoj konferencii “Ukraina i Rossija: istorija i obraz istorii”. / Institut Evropy RAN; Centr ukrainistiki i belorusistiki istoricheskogo fakul’teta MGU; Institut slavjanovedenija RAN. http://www.hist.msu.ru/Labs/UkrBel/obrukr-golod.htm (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
Konnerton P. (2013). Yak suspilstva pamiataiut. Per., nauk. redahuv. S. Shlipchenko, 2004. Kyiv : Nika-tsentr. 180 p. [In Ukrainian].
Korsakova N. A. (2009). Golod 1932-1933 gg. na Kubani v vospominanijah starozhilov. Istoricheskaja pamjat’ naselenija Juga Rossii o golode 1932–1933 g. : materialy nauch.-prakt. konf. / pod red. N.I. Bondarja, O.V. Matveeva. Krasnodar : Tipografija “Plehanovec”. Pp. 208-213. [In Russian].
Kulchytskyi S. (2007). Golodomor 1932-1933 rr. na Kubani. Ukrajina XX st.: kultura, ideolohiia, polityka. 12. Pp. 88-101. [In Ukrainian].
Kulchytskyi S. (2021). Kondrashyn Viktor Viktorovych. Entsyklopediia istorii Ukrainy / redkol. : V. A. Smolii ta in. Dodatkovyi tom 2. Kyiv. [Hotuietsia do druku]. Na pravakh rukopysu. [In Ukrainian].
Kurilla I. (2016). Vyzovy obshhestva i otvety istorikov: rossijskij variant. Іstorіja, Pam’jat’, polіtika: zbіrnik statej / upor. G. Kas’ianov, O. Gajdaj. K., Іnstitut іstorії Ukraini NAN. Pp. 136-154. [In Russian].
Nauchno-issledovatel’skij centr tradicionnoj kul’tury GBNTUK KK “Kubanskij kazachij hor”. Informacija o dejatel’nosti. https://culture.gov.ru/documents/informatsiya-o-deyatelnosti-nauchno-issledovatelskogo-tsentra-traditsionnoykultury-gbntuk-kk-kubans/. (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
Ob uvekovechenii Pobedy sovetskogo naroda v Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojne 1941-1945 godov (1995). Rossijskaja Federacija. Federal’nyj zakon. Prinjat Gosudarstvennoj Dumoj 19 aprelIa 1995 g. Data obnovlenija: 2 dekabria 2019 g. http://docs.cntd.ru/document/9011773. (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
Pamjatnyj znak zhertvam golodomora v 1933 g.: s. Malaja Serdoba. Pamjatniki zhertvam politicheskih repressij na territorii byvshego SSSR. Sostavleno Saharovskim centrom. https://www.sakharov-center.ru/asfcd/pam/?t=pam&id=1468 (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
Patriotizm – sostavljajushhaia gosudarstvennoj nacional’noj politiki Rossii: Teoriia, praktika (2010) / Kollektiv avtorov; sost., avt. i ruk. avt. kol. N. F. Bugaj; Institut rossijskoj istorii RAN. Moskva : Golden-Bi. 384 p. [In Russian].
Rozhkov A. Ju. “Myshi seli ljudej…”: pamjat’ o golode 1932-1933 godov v otklikah na publikacii I. I. Alekseenko. Istoricheskaja pamjat’ naselenija Juga Rossii o golode 1932–1933 g. : materialy nauch.-prakt. konf. / pod red. N.I. Bondarja, O.V. Matveeva. Krasnodar : Tipografija “Plehanovec”, 2009. Pp. 48-57. [In Russian].
Sablina T. (22 marta 2018 g.). Muzej goloda. LiveJournal. Koristuvach djhooligantk. Blog Denisa Zhabkina pro zhizn’, pro Saratov, pro puteshestvija. https://djhooligantk.livejournal.com/1366684.html. (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
Shilonosova N. (9 fevralia 2018 g.). Ad v raiu. Kak v tridcatye gody na Kubani golodali i pogibali tysjachi ljudej: material Niny Shilonosovoj. OOO “Jugopolis”. https://www.yugopolis.ru/articles/ad-v-rayu-109508 (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
Stat’ja 354.1. (1996). Reabilitacija nacizma. Vvedena Federal’nym zakonom ot 05.05.2014 № 128-FZ) : Ugolovnyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 13.06.1996 № 63-FZ. Data obnovleniia 08.12.2020). http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_10699/be763c1b6a1402144cabfe17a0e2d602d4bb7598/ (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
Taranenko A. (11 noiabria 2010 g.).“Nikto, krome nas samih…”. O vozrozhdenii kazachestva i istoricheskoj pamjati naroda. Zasekrechivaemyj golod 1933 goda. Otkrytoe pis’mo Prezidentu RF. 24 nojabrja 2010 g. Tekst Arhiv ru. Dokumenty, teksty. https://textarchive.ru/c-1508892-pall.html. (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
Taranenko A. (24 noiabria 2010 g.). Zasekrechivaemyj golod 1933 goda. Otkrytoe pis’mo Prezidentu RF. Tekst Arhiv ru. Dokumenty, teksty. https://textarchive.ru/c-1508892-pall.html. (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
[Ustnaja istorija pro golod]. (2002). Rodnaja Kuban’: lit.-ist. zhurnal / gl. red. V. I. Lihonosov i dr. Krasnodar. Vyp. 3.
Pp. 14-144. URL: http://history.org.ua/LiberUA/RodnKub3_2002/RodnKub3_2002.pdf. (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
Ustnye rasskazy o golode 1933 g., zapisannye u zhitelej stanic Otradnenskogo rajona Krasnodarskogo kraja. Nauchnoissledovatel’skij centr tradicionnoj kul’tury Kubani. https://kkx.ru/scince/ustnye_rasskazy_o_golode_1933_g-_zapisannye_u_zhiteley_stanits_otradnenskogo_rayona_krasnodarskogo_k/. (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
Vladimirov V. (30 nojabrja 2019 g.). Golodomor v SSSR: tragedija, predannaja zabveniju v Rossii. Interv’ju s Andreem Zubovym. Golos Ameriki. https://www.golosameriki.com/a/golodomor-russia-vladimirov/5187581.html. (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
Vlaskina N. A. (2009). Jazykovoj koncept golod v Donskih govorah. Istoricheskaja pamjat’ naselenija Juga Rossii o golode 1932–1933 g. : materialy nauch.-prakt. konf. / pod red. N.I. Bondarja, O.V. Matveeva. Krasnodar : Tipografija “Plehanovec”. Pp. 174-184. [In Russian].
Zen’ko M. Jetnokul’turnoe nasledie Rossii kak problema gosudarstvennoj ideologii i patrioticheskij faktor. Patriotizm – sostavlIajushhaja gosudarstvennoj nacional’noj politiki Rossii: TeoriIa, praktika / kol. avt.; sost., avt. i ruk. avt. kol. N. F. Bugaj; Institut rossijskoj istorii RAN. Moskva : Golden-Bi, 2010. Pp. 98-114. [In Russian].
80 let nazad – o golodomore na Kubani: vospominanija starozhil st. Nadezhnoj o golode 1932-1933 gg. http://roia. otradnaya.com/files/Chesnokov_VI_Vospominaniya_o_golode.pdf. (last accessed: 30.12.2020). [In Russian].
ISSN 

