JEWS IN THE EDUCATION POLICY OF THE POLISH STATE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE RIVNE CITY (1921–1939))
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26661/Keywords:
«Yeshivot», «Tarbut»,, Jewish schooling,, Rivne,, Volyn voivodeship,, Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth,Abstract
The article analyzes the educational policy of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth concerning national minorities in the interwar period on the example of the Jewish community. The activity of secular and religious Jewish schools in the educational space of Rivne – the city with the largest Jewish population within the Volyn voivodeship – has been traced. The role of the cultural and educational society «Tarbut» in the organization of Jewish schooling and preservation of national identity has been shown; the learning content of the educational process of secondary and religious schools has been clarified. New archival and memoir sources are involved in the scientific circulation to comprehensively reproduce the number of educational institutions, their features, and the national character of Jewish schooling. For the first time, the functioning of the Rivne religious school of the «Yeshivot» association in the interwar period has been analyzed, and information on the activities of individual Jewish schools has been clarified.
It has been proven that Polish educational policy towards Jews was determined by articles of international agreements, Polish constitutions, and school legislation, the strategic goal of which was the integration of national minorities in the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The policy of state assimilation complicated the right to create national schools and mother-tongue education.
The Jewish educational space of Rivne was formed by an extensive school network, which included one state Jewish school with teaching in Polish, private bilingual Polish-Jewish general academic and professional institutions, Hebrew-language schools of the cultural and educational society «Tarbut», as well as elementary religious schools – Talmud-Torah and Yeshivot. Private schooling patronized by the public organization of the Zionist orientation «Tarbut», which was particularly popular among the Jewish people, remained the national-secular center of preservation of the cultural identity of the Jewish community. The religious factor played an important role in defending the national identity of the Jews. Religion classes were held in educational institutions, where Judaism was studied, and the system of religious education and upbringing dominated in religious primary schools, where general education subjects were taught according to the Polish state curriculum. Currently, scientific studies on the reconstruction of Jewish schooling need a deeper learning of the content of didactic literature to expand our understanding of the content of the educational process.
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