PREVENTIVE AND RESCUE ARCHAEOLOGY IN ZAPORIZHZHIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26661/zhv-2025-10-62-04Keywords:
new construction expedition, The Kakhovka Dam, Molochansk expedition, «rescue archaeology», «preventive archaeology», DniproHES expeditionAbstract
The article examines the nature of archaeological research in the zones of new construction on the territory of Zaporizhzhia in the 1920s–1950s. Its definition is complicated by differing approaches to understanding the terms «rescue archaeology», «preventive archaeology» and «scientific rescue archaeological excavations». With the entry into force of the Malta Convention in Ukraine in 2004, a new term, «preventive archaeology», appeared in archaeology. The counterpart is the «Form 4» qualification document, where «scientific rescue archaeological excavations» are carried out on objects threatened with destruction or ruin. The term «rescue archaeology» is unregulated, because it involves work on an archaeological site that is already destroyed. This is also indicated by the varied definitions used by archaeologists for the nature of research in the 1920s–1950s in the zones of new construction – the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station, the South Ukrainian Canal, and the Kakhovka Dam. At the same time, the terms «rescue archaeological excavations» and «preventive archaeology» are used as equivalent. In most cases, such studies were of a mixed nature.
The consequences of the creation of the Kakhovka Reservoir for the archaeology of Ukraine were catastrophic, but its «disappearance» in 2023 due to the undermining of the dam by the Russian occupiers presents a chance to return part of the lost Ukrainian identity. Such studies require the introduction of new approaches to determining the areas of monuments, the degree of preservation, the recording of finds, etc. In urgent conditions, a continuous survey of the territory of the reservoir, which is currently developing a «forest» in this area, will yield positive results depending on the methods and approaches of archaeological research accumulated during the construction of the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station, the South Ukrainian Canal, and the Kakhovka Dam.
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